Results

As demonstrated in [1], G is a function of the ZPE DME and, per extension, of the QV-energy content.  Hereunder, it will be shown, how it is possible to calculate from Coulomb’s Constant (C), the charge contained in QV, known as “virtual pairs”.

Considering the units of C (Nm²/C²) and using the same method as Max Planck, when he developed his natural units (and per extension, the same method as used in [1]), we break down the units of C into Planck units as follows:

 

            ,                          (1)

where: F = a force, E = an energy, and the value “q” represents in this context per definition, the charge that is confined within a Planck volume, therefore making it legitimate to denominate this, “Planck charge” (q_P).

Finding “q_P” and substituting the values of the other Planck units (all values hereunder being of the MKS metric system):

          . (2)

To convert the above q_P into the corresponding amount of leptons (where electrons and positrons = virtual pairs), we divide q_P by the charge of the electron (1.6022x10^-19 C), thus obtaining the amount of 11.71 leptons per Planck volume. These 11.71 leptons are then multiplied by the mass of the electron (m_e = 9.1094x10^-31 kg), corresponding to a lepton mass equivalent (m_q,P) of 1.0667x10^-29 kg in a Planck volume.

Finally, since in the ZPE DME (m_P/l³_P), m_P represents an electromagnetic (EM) radiation, by dividing m_q,P through m_P, we obtain the QV-lepton/photon ratio:

                                          .                                  (3)

Consequently, in QV, leptons (virtual pairs) are approximately only 4.9x10^-20 % as frequent as photons (ZPE), what was already known qualitatively in vacuum research.